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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Algodão; Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Embrapa Pantanal. |
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Data corrente: |
06/05/1992 |
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Data da última atualização: |
15/09/2011 |
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Autoria: |
ALVES, E. R. A.; TEIXEIRA FILHO, A. R.; TOLLINI, H. |
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Afiliação: |
EMBRAPA. Departamento de Diretrizes e Metodos de Planejamento (Brasilia, DF). |
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Título: |
Coutry case study Brazil. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1975 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
[Brasília, DF]: EMBRAPA-DDM, 1975. |
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Páginas: |
86p. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Mimeografado. Trabalho apresentado no Seminar on Population and Food and Agricultural Development, Roma, Itália, 1975. (EMBRAPA-DDM. PT, 6). Título: Coutry [Country] case |
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Conteúdo: |
From 1950 to 1974, Brazilian economy has had one of the highest growth rates in the world. Despite some perverse effects of some economic policies adopted during this period, it averaged a growth rate of 7,1% per year. Brazilian labor force has been mobile; despite this, sizable wage and productivity differences persist; both interregionally for the same sector and intersectorally for the same region. A specific labor market study has suggested a strong link between the industrial and the agricultural labor markets. This link explains the interaction between the two sectors which reflects in the well-being of rural people the failures of the industrial employment process. Educational effects tend to suggest that education will tend to lower the supply of labor to the agricultural sector (a result not unambiguous). Minimum wage policy has been responsible for the reduction of employment (in the state of Sao Paulo). There is high substitution ability between labor and capital because of the high wage elasticity in the demand equation. In the subsistence sector of the agricultural market, family labor is used to the limit of its capacity. There seems to be little room for improvement of income of the subsistence farmers by programs with the goal of increasing production through more intensive use of family labor. The Brazilian population was, in 1970, reaching the one hundredth million. Its rate of growth was high in the fifties, higher in the sixties, reaching about 3,0% per year. The population is not evenly distributed but there is considerable mobility interregionally. Despite its fast-growing trend and its concentration in regions such as the Northeast not adequately arrayed for the population it holds, the real population problems faced by the government are related to two other characteristics: The age composition of the population and its level of education. These two characteristics of the population are carried to the labor force and have their adverse effects on the performance of the whole economy. Fifty-three percent of the population aged 15 through 60 make up 92% of the labor force. About 30 percent of the labor force are illiterate. This group and the graduates of elementary school add up to about 55 percent of the labor force. Only 2,5 percent of the workers have college education. For the rural sector the situation is even worse. 99 percent of the rural labor force are illiterate or are elementary school graduates. Rural-urban migration is intensive. With the kind of education the rural population has they end up increasing urban unemployment. The population problems in Brazil are tackled indirectly via hygiene, health care and education programs. The Brazilian population is rather mobile; convergence analyses of the trend of the population movement show the poor states losing population. Two rich states (Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul) are net exporters of population. Parana, Goias, Mato Grosso and Maranhao are the net importers. The northeastern states are the ones that lose most population. About 10 Percent of the population migrate within a decade's time period. With migration, it seems that the income differences between the population of the state tend to diminish. This seems to be true when all the states are taken together, when the high and the low income states are taken as separate groups, and also when one looks at each group separately. An econometric analysis of the migration process indicated that people tend to migrate, or not to migrate, in response to their own region's characteristics. High income levels and urbanization of a region tend to prevent people from migration out. Inequality of income distribution and education tend to be positively associated with out-migration from a region. MenosFrom 1950 to 1974, Brazilian economy has had one of the highest growth rates in the world. Despite some perverse effects of some economic policies adopted during this period, it averaged a growth rate of 7,1% per year. Brazilian labor force has been mobile; despite this, sizable wage and productivity differences persist; both interregionally for the same sector and intersectorally for the same region. A specific labor market study has suggested a strong link between the industrial and the agricultural labor markets. This link explains the interaction between the two sectors which reflects in the well-being of rural people the failures of the industrial employment process. Educational effects tend to suggest that education will tend to lower the supply of labor to the agricultural sector (a result not unambiguous). Minimum wage policy has been responsible for the reduction of employment (in the state of Sao Paulo). There is high substitution ability between labor and capital because of the high wage elasticity in the demand equation. In the subsistence sector of the agricultural market, family labor is used to the limit of its capacity. There seems to be little room for improvement of income of the subsistence farmers by programs with the goal of increasing production through more intensive use of family labor. The Brazilian population was, in 1970, reaching the one hundredth million. Its rate of growth was high in the fifties, higher in the sixties, reaching about 3,0% per y... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Agricola; Agricultural; Agricultural development; Avaliacao; Brasil; Changes; Development; Economy; Empirical; Empiricos; Equacao; Estudos; Evaluation; Food; Force; Internal migration; Irrigacion; Market; Migração interna; Mudancas; Policy; Regressao; Regressions; Rural; Setor; Studies; Study; Urban. |
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Thesagro: |
Agricultura; Alimentação; Desenvolvimento Agrícola; Economia; Política; População. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
agriculture; Brazil; equations; labor; population. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 05363nam a2200625 a 4500
001 1793090
005 2011-09-15
008 1975 bl uuuu 00u1 u #d
100 1 $aALVES, E. R. A.
245 $aCoutry case study Brazil.
260 $a[Brasília, DF]: EMBRAPA-DDM$c1975
300 $a86p.
500 $aMimeografado. Trabalho apresentado no Seminar on Population and Food and Agricultural Development, Roma, Itália, 1975. (EMBRAPA-DDM. PT, 6). Título: Coutry [Country] case
520 $aFrom 1950 to 1974, Brazilian economy has had one of the highest growth rates in the world. Despite some perverse effects of some economic policies adopted during this period, it averaged a growth rate of 7,1% per year. Brazilian labor force has been mobile; despite this, sizable wage and productivity differences persist; both interregionally for the same sector and intersectorally for the same region. A specific labor market study has suggested a strong link between the industrial and the agricultural labor markets. This link explains the interaction between the two sectors which reflects in the well-being of rural people the failures of the industrial employment process. Educational effects tend to suggest that education will tend to lower the supply of labor to the agricultural sector (a result not unambiguous). Minimum wage policy has been responsible for the reduction of employment (in the state of Sao Paulo). There is high substitution ability between labor and capital because of the high wage elasticity in the demand equation. In the subsistence sector of the agricultural market, family labor is used to the limit of its capacity. There seems to be little room for improvement of income of the subsistence farmers by programs with the goal of increasing production through more intensive use of family labor. The Brazilian population was, in 1970, reaching the one hundredth million. Its rate of growth was high in the fifties, higher in the sixties, reaching about 3,0% per year. The population is not evenly distributed but there is considerable mobility interregionally. Despite its fast-growing trend and its concentration in regions such as the Northeast not adequately arrayed for the population it holds, the real population problems faced by the government are related to two other characteristics: The age composition of the population and its level of education. These two characteristics of the population are carried to the labor force and have their adverse effects on the performance of the whole economy. Fifty-three percent of the population aged 15 through 60 make up 92% of the labor force. About 30 percent of the labor force are illiterate. This group and the graduates of elementary school add up to about 55 percent of the labor force. Only 2,5 percent of the workers have college education. For the rural sector the situation is even worse. 99 percent of the rural labor force are illiterate or are elementary school graduates. Rural-urban migration is intensive. With the kind of education the rural population has they end up increasing urban unemployment. The population problems in Brazil are tackled indirectly via hygiene, health care and education programs. The Brazilian population is rather mobile; convergence analyses of the trend of the population movement show the poor states losing population. Two rich states (Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul) are net exporters of population. Parana, Goias, Mato Grosso and Maranhao are the net importers. The northeastern states are the ones that lose most population. About 10 Percent of the population migrate within a decade's time period. With migration, it seems that the income differences between the population of the state tend to diminish. This seems to be true when all the states are taken together, when the high and the low income states are taken as separate groups, and also when one looks at each group separately. An econometric analysis of the migration process indicated that people tend to migrate, or not to migrate, in response to their own region's characteristics. High income levels and urbanization of a region tend to prevent people from migration out. Inequality of income distribution and education tend to be positively associated with out-migration from a region.
650 $aagriculture
650 $aBrazil
650 $aequations
650 $alabor
650 $apopulation
650 $aAgricultura
650 $aAlimentação
650 $aDesenvolvimento Agrícola
650 $aEconomia
650 $aPolítica
650 $aPopulação
653 $aAgricola
653 $aAgricultural
653 $aAgricultural development
653 $aAvaliacao
653 $aBrasil
653 $aChanges
653 $aDevelopment
653 $aEconomy
653 $aEmpirical
653 $aEmpiricos
653 $aEquacao
653 $aEstudos
653 $aEvaluation
653 $aFood
653 $aForce
653 $aInternal migration
653 $aIrrigacion
653 $aMarket
653 $aMigração interna
653 $aMudancas
653 $aPolicy
653 $aRegressao
653 $aRegressions
653 $aRural
653 $aSetor
653 $aStudies
653 $aStudy
653 $aUrban
700 1 $aTEIXEIRA FILHO, A. R.
700 1 $aTOLLINI, H.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Pantanal (CPAP) |
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Origem |
Tipo/Formato |
Classificação |
Cutter |
Registro |
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URL |
Voltar
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Meio Ambiente. |
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Data corrente: |
12/03/2020 |
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Data da última atualização: |
12/03/2020 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
B - 1 |
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Autoria: |
MALAGODI-BRAGA, K. S.; MORICONI, W.; QUEIROGA, J. L. de; URCHEI, M. A.; PAZIANOTTO, R. A. A.; RONCON, K. |
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Afiliação: |
KATIA SAMPAIO MALAGOLI BRAGA, CNPMA; WALDEMORE MORICONI, CNPMA; JOEL LEANDRO DE QUEIROGA, CNPMA; MARIO ARTEMIO URCHEI, CNPMA; RICARDO ANTONIO ALMEIDA PAZIANOTTO, CNPMA; KENNY RONCON. |
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Título: |
Active phloem sap collection by Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Artemisia annua Linn (Asteraceae). |
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Ano de publicação: |
2019 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, v. 41, e47548, 2019. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Abstract: Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Apidae: Meliponini), is a common stingless bee widely seen in urban and rural areas in Brazil, popularly known as irapuá, arapuá or bee-dog. Although these bees are considered pollinators of some cultivated plants, they are better known for the damage they cause in different crops. During experimental agroecological cultivation of Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn, Asteraceae), in Jaguariúna (SP, Brazil), stingless bees Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) were observed sucking phloem sap directly from the plant, a phenomenon not yet described in scientific literature. This study aimed to register and describe the phloem sap-sucking behavior performed by T. spinipes for the first time, as well as to assess the potential impact of this behavior on A. annua cultivation. The behavior and the material collected by bees and the severity of attack were also analyzed. The aging and premature death of observed A. annua specimens occurred because of extensive lesions caused by T. spinipes, confirming the negative consequence of sap-sucking attacks of T. spinipes bees on the plants. Factors that could induce this unusual behavior were presented, pointing out the need for future studies on the development of strategies to protect plants, without causing damage to the T. spinipes bee populations, which are elements of Brazilian bee fauna and, therefore, protected by law. |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Plant injury. |
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Thesagro: |
Abelha Brasileira; Artemísia; Artemisia Annua; Floema; Trigona Spinipes. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Alternative farming; Insect behavior; Medicinal plants; Stingless bees. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
A Sistemas de Cultivo |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/211814/1/Malagodi-Braga-Active-Phloem-2019.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02314naa a2200301 a 4500
001 2121210
005 2020-03-12
008 2019 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aMALAGODI-BRAGA, K. S.
245 $aActive phloem sap collection by Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Artemisia annua Linn (Asteraceae).$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2019
520 $aAbstract: Trigona spinipes Fabricius (Apidae: Meliponini), is a common stingless bee widely seen in urban and rural areas in Brazil, popularly known as irapuá, arapuá or bee-dog. Although these bees are considered pollinators of some cultivated plants, they are better known for the damage they cause in different crops. During experimental agroecological cultivation of Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn, Asteraceae), in Jaguariúna (SP, Brazil), stingless bees Trigona spinipes (Fabricius) were observed sucking phloem sap directly from the plant, a phenomenon not yet described in scientific literature. This study aimed to register and describe the phloem sap-sucking behavior performed by T. spinipes for the first time, as well as to assess the potential impact of this behavior on A. annua cultivation. The behavior and the material collected by bees and the severity of attack were also analyzed. The aging and premature death of observed A. annua specimens occurred because of extensive lesions caused by T. spinipes, confirming the negative consequence of sap-sucking attacks of T. spinipes bees on the plants. Factors that could induce this unusual behavior were presented, pointing out the need for future studies on the development of strategies to protect plants, without causing damage to the T. spinipes bee populations, which are elements of Brazilian bee fauna and, therefore, protected by law.
650 $aAlternative farming
650 $aInsect behavior
650 $aMedicinal plants
650 $aStingless bees
650 $aAbelha Brasileira
650 $aArtemísia
650 $aArtemisia Annua
650 $aFloema
650 $aTrigona Spinipes
653 $aPlant injury
700 1 $aMORICONI, W.
700 1 $aQUEIROGA, J. L. de
700 1 $aURCHEI, M. A.
700 1 $aPAZIANOTTO, R. A. A.
700 1 $aRONCON, K.
773 $tActa Scientiarum. Biological Sciences$gv. 41, e47548, 2019.
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Embrapa Meio Ambiente (CNPMA) |
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