Data/hora: 26/05/2024 02:02:18

Biblioteca(s): 	Embrapa Florestas.	
Data corrente: 	17/02/2017	
Data da última atualização: 	17/04/2017	
Autoria: 	SÁNEZ, J.; FROEHNER, S.; HANSEL, F. A.; PARRON, L. M.; KNAPIK, H.; FERNANDES, C.; RIZZI, J.	
Afiliação: 	Juan Sánez, UFPR, Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; Sandro Froehner, UFPR, Department of Environmental Engineering; FABRICIO AUGUSTO HANSEL, CNPF; LUCILIA MARIA PARRON VARGAS, CNPF; Heloise Knapik, UFPR, Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; Cristóvão Fernandes, UFPR, Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; Juliane Rizzi, UFPR, Graduate Program in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering.	
Título: 	Bile acids combined with fecal sterols: a multiple biomarker approach for deciphering fecal pollution using river sediments.	
Ano de publicação: 	2017	
Fonte/Imprenta: 	Journal of Soils and Sediments, v. 17, n. 3, p. 861-872, Mar. 2017.	
DOI: 	10.1007/s11368-016-1592-1	
Idioma: 	Inglês	
Conteúdo: 	Purpose: Fecal sterols (FSs) and bile acids (BAs) are biomarkers that can be used to track sewage pollution. These biomarkers offer an alternative to microbiological analyses, which have several weaknesses, including a lack of specificity. FSs are recognized fecal biomarkers, but there are very few studies showing the use of BAs as a fecal tracer, especially in river sediments, to the best of our knowledge. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the response of BAs as an alternative biomarker of fecal pollution in parallel to FSs in freshwater sediments and use both biomarker groups to decipher the potential fecal pollution sources in a subtropical river. Materials and methods: Eight BAs and six FSs were extracted from sediments of the Iguassu River, southern Brazil, and analyzed by GC-MS. Results and discussion Among the sterols, coprostanol was dominant (20?4488 &#956;g g&#8722;1), followed by stigmastanol (8.67?1788 &#956;g g&#8722;1) and cholesterol (4.64?881 &#956;g g&#8722;1). 3&#945;- Deoxycholic acid (3&#945;-DCA) was the predominant BA (1.63? 871 &#956;g g&#8722;1), followed by 3&#945;-lithocholic acid (3&#945;-LCA) (1.77?170 &#956;g g&#8722;1). The trends of the total BA and FS contents were different. Very few correlations between the individual BAs and FSs were found, probably due to their different environmental transformation processes and origins, whether animal or human. This watershed encompasses a mixture of land uses, including agricultural applications involving manure and composted sewage sludge as fertilizers and urban occupation, including several treated and untreated sewage discharges. When FS ratios were applied, most sites tested positive for human fecal pollution. Different ratios using secondary and primary BAs were assessed, e.g., (3&#946;-LCA + 3&#945;- LCA)/(3&#946;-DCA + 3&#945;-DCA), 3&#945;-LCA/3&#945;-DCA, and 3&#945;- DCA/CDA. Most ratios detected the influences of different land uses and inputs along the river, including treated and untreated sewage. Furthermore, at the site considered to have moderate fecal pollution, the ratios were in contrast to those obtained from the sites with heavier fecal pollution. Conclusions: Bile acids and fecal sterols were successfully applied to decipher different origins of fecal pollution using sediments. The contents of individual BAs and derived ratios detected the different land uses and inputs along the river, distinguishing regions with low to high fecal pollution. In general, BAs and FSs did not appear to be strongly related, individually, or as a ratio. However, each compound class provides different information, and using both provides a clearer picture of the potential sources of fecal pollution, especially for a mixed land use region.	
Palavras-Chave: 	Biomarcador; Fecal biomarker; Fecal sterols; Multimolecular approach; Poluição fecal.	
Thesagro: 	Contaminação; Rio; Sedimento.	
Thesaurus Nal: 	Bile acids; Sediment contamination.	
Categoria do assunto: 	W Química e Física	
Registro original: 	Embrapa Florestas (CNPF)	
Exemplares: 	CNPF - (55636-1) - UPC - AP - DD -  -  -  - DIS