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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos. |
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Data corrente: |
15/10/2018 |
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Data da última atualização: |
15/10/2018 |
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Autoria: |
SMITH, P. |
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Afiliação: |
Peter Smith, Institute for Development, Policy and Management?, University of Manchester, Great Britain. |
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Título: |
Cross-cultural problems in management training for rural development. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1987 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Agricultural Administration and Extension, v. 24, n. 3, p. 149-164, 1987. |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(87)90100-0 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Abstract: This paper explores the practical consequences for development of the view that culture is essentially cognition?patterns of ideas?rather than of material things. It is shown that different levels of cultural cognition (e.g. ultimate ends, strategies to achieve those ends) interact in very different ways with Western management techniques according chiefly to the level of generality of the techniques; the extent to which the techniques are quantitative, and therefore apparently value-free and independent of culture, does not seem to be important. Cultural problems associated with the use of methods for identifying better development projects, modern project management methods and confrontation as a conflict-resolution strategy are examined, as are the particular cases of irrationality, fatalism and traditionalism. The view is advanced that cultural adaptation is a major limiting factor on the pace of developmental change, and implications for training strategies are reviewed. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Extension education; Extension programs; Rural development; Rural education and training. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
B Sociologia Rural |
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Marc: |
LEADER 01578naa a2200181 a 4500
001 2097338
005 2018-10-15
008 1987 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7475(87)90100-0$2DOI
100 1 $aSMITH, P.
245 $aCross-cultural problems in management training for rural development.
260 $c1987
520 $aAbstract: This paper explores the practical consequences for development of the view that culture is essentially cognition?patterns of ideas?rather than of material things. It is shown that different levels of cultural cognition (e.g. ultimate ends, strategies to achieve those ends) interact in very different ways with Western management techniques according chiefly to the level of generality of the techniques; the extent to which the techniques are quantitative, and therefore apparently value-free and independent of culture, does not seem to be important. Cultural problems associated with the use of methods for identifying better development projects, modern project management methods and confrontation as a conflict-resolution strategy are examined, as are the particular cases of irrationality, fatalism and traditionalism. The view is advanced that cultural adaptation is a major limiting factor on the pace of developmental change, and implications for training strategies are reviewed.
650 $aExtension education
650 $aExtension programs
650 $aRural development
650 $aRural education and training
773 $tAgricultural Administration and Extension$gv. 24, n. 3, p. 149-164, 1987.
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos (CNPC) |
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 | Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cnpmf.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. |
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Data corrente: |
13/01/2009 |
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Data da última atualização: |
14/01/2009 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Resumo em Anais de Congresso |
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Autoria: |
MACHADO, M. A.; ÁSTUA, J. F.; AMARAL, A. M. do; MALOSSO, A.; MAZZAFERA, P. |
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Afiliação: |
M. A. Machado, APTA; Juliana Freitas-Ástua, CNPMF/APTA; A. M. do Amaral, APTA; A. Malosso, APTA; P. Mazzafera, APTA. |
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Título: |
Gene expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and carotenoid content in different varieties of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.). |
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Ano de publicação: |
2008 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: INTERNATIONAL CITRUS CONGRESS, 11., 2008, Wuhan,China. Program and abstracts... Wuhan: The International Society of Citriculture, 2008. p. 60. 105. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Varieties of sweet orange are usually distinguishable by the content and quality of the juice. Such traits are important to characterize early, middle and late varieties. Juice quality is a complex trait that changes according with the content and quality of carotenoids, flavanoids, sugars and organic acids. The balance among such compounds is the main characteristic typifies the fruits of almost all varieties of sweet orange. The studies of biochemical pathway of carotenoid synthesis are hindered by the difficulties to evaluate enzyme activities which substracts and products are hydrophobic compounds. Thus the goal of this work was to evaluate the expression of genes of carotenoid synthesis in fruits of sweet orange Hamlin (early), Pera (middle), and Valencia (late), and to correlate with the content of carotenoids during fruit development. A pool of three fruits of 12 years old trees of sweet orange grafted on Rangpur lime was evaluate for fruit quality (juice content, Brix, ratio, content of total carotenoids), gene expression by Rt-qPCR in flavedo (epicarp) (Phytoene synthase, psy; Phytoene desaturase, pds; Z-carotene desaturase, zds; Carotenoid isomerase, crtiso; Lycopene cyclase, lcyb; Beta-hydroxylase, hyb; Zexanthin epoxidase, zep; Lycopene cyclase, lcye). Primers design was based on CitEST and public database. Rt-qPCR was performed using Sybergreen. The higher gene expression (7 to 19 times) was in sweet orange Hamlin at the end of the season (June, in Brazil), pointed out an active synthesis varieties the higher expression was in the middle of the cycle (July) before the picking time. Not always a direct relationship between gene expression and content of carotenoids could be inferred. MenosVarieties of sweet orange are usually distinguishable by the content and quality of the juice. Such traits are important to characterize early, middle and late varieties. Juice quality is a complex trait that changes according with the content and quality of carotenoids, flavanoids, sugars and organic acids. The balance among such compounds is the main characteristic typifies the fruits of almost all varieties of sweet orange. The studies of biochemical pathway of carotenoid synthesis are hindered by the difficulties to evaluate enzyme activities which substracts and products are hydrophobic compounds. Thus the goal of this work was to evaluate the expression of genes of carotenoid synthesis in fruits of sweet orange Hamlin (early), Pera (middle), and Valencia (late), and to correlate with the content of carotenoids during fruit development. A pool of three fruits of 12 years old trees of sweet orange grafted on Rangpur lime was evaluate for fruit quality (juice content, Brix, ratio, content of total carotenoids), gene expression by Rt-qPCR in flavedo (epicarp) (Phytoene synthase, psy; Phytoene desaturase, pds; Z-carotene desaturase, zds; Carotenoid isomerase, crtiso; Lycopene cyclase, lcyb; Beta-hydroxylase, hyb; Zexanthin epoxidase, zep; Lycopene cyclase, lcye). Primers design was based on CitEST and public database. Rt-qPCR was performed using Sybergreen. The higher gene expression (7 to 19 times) was in sweet orange Hamlin at the end of the season (June, in Brazil), poi... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Citros. |
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Thesagro: |
Variedade; Vitamina. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
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Marc: |
LEADER 02435naa a2200205 a 4500
001 1655661
005 2009-01-14
008 2008 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aMACHADO, M. A.
245 $aGene expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and carotenoid content in different varieties of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.).
260 $c2008
520 $aVarieties of sweet orange are usually distinguishable by the content and quality of the juice. Such traits are important to characterize early, middle and late varieties. Juice quality is a complex trait that changes according with the content and quality of carotenoids, flavanoids, sugars and organic acids. The balance among such compounds is the main characteristic typifies the fruits of almost all varieties of sweet orange. The studies of biochemical pathway of carotenoid synthesis are hindered by the difficulties to evaluate enzyme activities which substracts and products are hydrophobic compounds. Thus the goal of this work was to evaluate the expression of genes of carotenoid synthesis in fruits of sweet orange Hamlin (early), Pera (middle), and Valencia (late), and to correlate with the content of carotenoids during fruit development. A pool of three fruits of 12 years old trees of sweet orange grafted on Rangpur lime was evaluate for fruit quality (juice content, Brix, ratio, content of total carotenoids), gene expression by Rt-qPCR in flavedo (epicarp) (Phytoene synthase, psy; Phytoene desaturase, pds; Z-carotene desaturase, zds; Carotenoid isomerase, crtiso; Lycopene cyclase, lcyb; Beta-hydroxylase, hyb; Zexanthin epoxidase, zep; Lycopene cyclase, lcye). Primers design was based on CitEST and public database. Rt-qPCR was performed using Sybergreen. The higher gene expression (7 to 19 times) was in sweet orange Hamlin at the end of the season (June, in Brazil), pointed out an active synthesis varieties the higher expression was in the middle of the cycle (July) before the picking time. Not always a direct relationship between gene expression and content of carotenoids could be inferred.
650 $aVariedade
650 $aVitamina
653 $aCitros
700 1 $aÁSTUA, J. F.
700 1 $aAMARAL, A. M. do
700 1 $aMALOSSO, A.
700 1 $aMAZZAFERA, P.
773 $tIn: INTERNATIONAL CITRUS CONGRESS, 11., 2008, Wuhan,China. Program and abstracts... Wuhan: The International Society of Citriculture, 2008. p. 60. 105.
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