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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Solos. |
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Data corrente: |
19/08/2020 |
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Data da última atualização: |
06/10/2020 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Autoria: |
SMIDT, E.; TINTNER, J.; NELLE, O.; OLIVEIRA, R. R.; PATZLAFF, R.; NOVOTNY, E. H.; KLEMM, S. |
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Afiliação: |
E. SMIDT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; J. TINTNER, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna; O. NELLE, State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, Germany; R. R. OLIVEIRA, PUC-RIO; R. PATZLAFF, UFRJ; ETELVINO HENRIQUE NOVOTNY, CNPS; S. KLEMM, Archaeology & Communication, Vienna. |
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Título: |
Infrared spectroscopy refines chronological assessment, depositional environment and pyrolysis conditions of archeological charcoals. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2020 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Scientific Reports, v. 10, 12427, 2020. |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69445-6 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Based on infrared spectral characteristics, six archeological sample sets of charcoals from German (5) and Brazilian (1) sites, covering the time span from the nineteenth century CE to 3950 BCE, were compared to a chronological (present to the fifteenth century BCE) series of Austrian charcoals. A typical chronological trend of several bands (stretch vibrations: O-C-O of carboxylates at 1,585-1,565 and 1,385-1,375 cm(-1), C-O carboxylic acids at 1,260-1,250 cm(-1)) that indicate oxidation and subsequently increasing hydrophilicity (O-H stretch vibration at about 3,400 cm(-1)) was also contained in the archive samples. Three sample sets fit in the typical band development according to their age. For three sample sets this conformity was not observed. Despite the age of two sample sets (3950-2820 BCE), most charcoals were assigned to the Modern Period. Apart from the high degree of carbonization, anaerobic depositional conditions over a longer period of time seem to contribute to the surprising conservation. Non-removable mineral components in charcoals, as observed in a third sample set, strongly influence infrared band intensities and positions of organic compounds. The role of inorganic components in terms of charcoal aging, and the information we can obtain from spectral characteristics in an archeological context, are discussed. |
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Thesagro: |
Matéria Orgânica; Solo. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Biochar; Soil organic matter. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/215425/1/Infrared-spectroscopy-refines-chronological-assessment-2020.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02120naa a2200253 a 4500
001 2124443
005 2020-10-06
008 2020 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69445-6$2DOI
100 1 $aSMIDT, E.
245 $aInfrared spectroscopy refines chronological assessment, depositional environment and pyrolysis conditions of archeological charcoals.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2020
520 $aBased on infrared spectral characteristics, six archeological sample sets of charcoals from German (5) and Brazilian (1) sites, covering the time span from the nineteenth century CE to 3950 BCE, were compared to a chronological (present to the fifteenth century BCE) series of Austrian charcoals. A typical chronological trend of several bands (stretch vibrations: O-C-O of carboxylates at 1,585-1,565 and 1,385-1,375 cm(-1), C-O carboxylic acids at 1,260-1,250 cm(-1)) that indicate oxidation and subsequently increasing hydrophilicity (O-H stretch vibration at about 3,400 cm(-1)) was also contained in the archive samples. Three sample sets fit in the typical band development according to their age. For three sample sets this conformity was not observed. Despite the age of two sample sets (3950-2820 BCE), most charcoals were assigned to the Modern Period. Apart from the high degree of carbonization, anaerobic depositional conditions over a longer period of time seem to contribute to the surprising conservation. Non-removable mineral components in charcoals, as observed in a third sample set, strongly influence infrared band intensities and positions of organic compounds. The role of inorganic components in terms of charcoal aging, and the information we can obtain from spectral characteristics in an archeological context, are discussed.
650 $aBiochar
650 $aSoil organic matter
650 $aMatéria Orgânica
650 $aSolo
700 1 $aTINTNER, J.
700 1 $aNELLE, O.
700 1 $aOLIVEIRA, R. R.
700 1 $aPATZLAFF, R.
700 1 $aNOVOTNY, E. H.
700 1 $aKLEMM, S.
773 $tScientific Reports$gv. 10, 12427, 2020.
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Embrapa Solos (CNPS) |
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 | Acesso ao texto completo restrito à biblioteca da Embrapa Florestas. Para informações adicionais entre em contato com cnpf.biblioteca@embrapa.br. |
Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Florestas. |
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Data corrente: |
24/06/2021 |
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Data da última atualização: |
24/06/2021 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
A - 1 |
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Autoria: |
PONTES, L. da S.; PORFIRIO-DA-SILVA, V.; MOLETTA, J. L.; TELLES, T. S. |
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Afiliação: |
LAÍSE DA SILVEIRA PONTES, IAPAR-EMATER; VANDERLEY PORFIRIO DA SILVA, CNPF; JOSÉ LUIZ MOLETTA, IAPAR-EMATER; TIAGO SANTOS TELLES, IAPAR-EMATER. |
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Título: |
Long-term profitability of crop-livestock systems, with and without trees. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2021 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Agricultural Systems, v. 192, 103204, Aug. 2021. 13 p. |
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DOI: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103204 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
CONTEXT Integrated crop-livestock systems have been encouraged worldwide as they align with the principles of cleaner production. However, studies on these systems have mainly explored agronomic and environmental indicators; thus, fewer studies have been conducted considering an economic perspective, particularly when trees are introduced. OBJECTIVE This study sought to compare the economic profitability of two integrated systems, crop-livestock only (CL) and crop-livestock-trees (CLT), crossed with two nitrogen fertilization levels (90 and 180 kg N ha−1, N90 and N180, respectively). METHODS Our analysis (gross revenue, costs and profit) relies on experimental data obtained over 10 years. In 2006, eucalyptus, pink pepper, and silver oak were planted in six of the 12 experimental units at 3 × 14 m spacing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the first years (2007?2009), black oat was used as a cover crop during the winter, preceding summer cash crops (rice, soybean, and maize), to recover a degraded pasture and because most of the trees had not attained enough size to support animal impact. This period was marked by economic losses because only summer crops provided revenue. From 2010, when cattle grazing on cool-season pastures was integrated, preceding maize or soybean crops, the systems began to generate profit, and profit stability was observed in crop-livestock systems thereafter. Fertilizers accounted for the largest production cost (41% of total costs), and an increase in N level slightly increased the profit (+6%) in crop-livestock systems. The CLT N90 was as profitable as the crop-livestock treatments, despite high annual economic fluctuations with mature trees (i.e., + and - profit). However, the sale of wood from eucalyptus and silver oak contributed to cover these losses. Considering the complete production cycle of 10 years, the net accumulated profit was positive for all treatments, with values of US$ 1486, 2039, 2109 and 2238 ha−1 for CLT N180, CLT N90, CL N90, and CL N180, respectively. We conclude that crop-livestock performs better than crop-livestock-trees in terms of profit stability. An increase in the N level did not guarantee a significant increase in income revenue. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that CL provide profit stability, even in unfavored areas, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals globally. However, despite the importance of income from wood for farmers, mature trees impair the attainment of a stable profit over the years in CLT systems. Therefore, innovative agronomic practices combined with agricultural policies are needed to encourage the adoption of CLT systems and to adequately take advantage of their ecological benefits. MenosCONTEXT Integrated crop-livestock systems have been encouraged worldwide as they align with the principles of cleaner production. However, studies on these systems have mainly explored agronomic and environmental indicators; thus, fewer studies have been conducted considering an economic perspective, particularly when trees are introduced. OBJECTIVE This study sought to compare the economic profitability of two integrated systems, crop-livestock only (CL) and crop-livestock-trees (CLT), crossed with two nitrogen fertilization levels (90 and 180 kg N ha−1, N90 and N180, respectively). METHODS Our analysis (gross revenue, costs and profit) relies on experimental data obtained over 10 years. In 2006, eucalyptus, pink pepper, and silver oak were planted in six of the 12 experimental units at 3 × 14 m spacing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the first years (2007?2009), black oat was used as a cover crop during the winter, preceding summer cash crops (rice, soybean, and maize), to recover a degraded pasture and because most of the trees had not attained enough size to support animal impact. This period was marked by economic losses because only summer crops provided revenue. From 2010, when cattle grazing on cool-season pastures was integrated, preceding maize or soybean crops, the systems began to generate profit, and profit stability was observed in crop-livestock systems thereafter. Fertilizers accounted for the largest production cost (41% of total costs), and an increase in... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Recovery degraded pastures; Sistema agroflorestal. |
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Thesagro: |
Agricultura Sustentável; Eucalipto. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
Agroforestry; Beef cattle; Eucalyptus; Sustainable agriculture. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
A Sistemas de Cultivo |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03545naa a2200265 a 4500
001 2132545
005 2021-06-24
008 2021 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103204$2DOI
100 1 $aPONTES, L. da S.
245 $aLong-term profitability of crop-livestock systems, with and without trees.$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2021
520 $aCONTEXT Integrated crop-livestock systems have been encouraged worldwide as they align with the principles of cleaner production. However, studies on these systems have mainly explored agronomic and environmental indicators; thus, fewer studies have been conducted considering an economic perspective, particularly when trees are introduced. OBJECTIVE This study sought to compare the economic profitability of two integrated systems, crop-livestock only (CL) and crop-livestock-trees (CLT), crossed with two nitrogen fertilization levels (90 and 180 kg N ha−1, N90 and N180, respectively). METHODS Our analysis (gross revenue, costs and profit) relies on experimental data obtained over 10 years. In 2006, eucalyptus, pink pepper, and silver oak were planted in six of the 12 experimental units at 3 × 14 m spacing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In the first years (2007?2009), black oat was used as a cover crop during the winter, preceding summer cash crops (rice, soybean, and maize), to recover a degraded pasture and because most of the trees had not attained enough size to support animal impact. This period was marked by economic losses because only summer crops provided revenue. From 2010, when cattle grazing on cool-season pastures was integrated, preceding maize or soybean crops, the systems began to generate profit, and profit stability was observed in crop-livestock systems thereafter. Fertilizers accounted for the largest production cost (41% of total costs), and an increase in N level slightly increased the profit (+6%) in crop-livestock systems. The CLT N90 was as profitable as the crop-livestock treatments, despite high annual economic fluctuations with mature trees (i.e., + and - profit). However, the sale of wood from eucalyptus and silver oak contributed to cover these losses. Considering the complete production cycle of 10 years, the net accumulated profit was positive for all treatments, with values of US$ 1486, 2039, 2109 and 2238 ha−1 for CLT N180, CLT N90, CL N90, and CL N180, respectively. We conclude that crop-livestock performs better than crop-livestock-trees in terms of profit stability. An increase in the N level did not guarantee a significant increase in income revenue. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings indicate that CL provide profit stability, even in unfavored areas, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals globally. However, despite the importance of income from wood for farmers, mature trees impair the attainment of a stable profit over the years in CLT systems. Therefore, innovative agronomic practices combined with agricultural policies are needed to encourage the adoption of CLT systems and to adequately take advantage of their ecological benefits.
650 $aAgroforestry
650 $aBeef cattle
650 $aEucalyptus
650 $aSustainable agriculture
650 $aAgricultura Sustentável
650 $aEucalipto
653 $aRecovery degraded pastures
653 $aSistema agroflorestal
700 1 $aPORFIRIO-DA-SILVA, V.
700 1 $aMOLETTA, J. L.
700 1 $aTELLES, T. S.
773 $tAgricultural Systems$gv. 192, 103204, Aug. 2021. 13 p.
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