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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura. |
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Data corrente: |
07/04/2004 |
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Data da última atualização: |
07/04/2004 |
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Autoria: |
SANCHEZ, O; RESTREPO, S; DUQUE, M. C; FREGENE, M; BONIERBALE, M; VERDIER, V. |
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Título: |
Application of AFLP for genetic characterization of cassava. |
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Ano de publicação: |
1998 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Revista Brasileira de Mandioca, Cruz das Almas, v.17, p.43, nov., 1998. Suplemento. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Abstract: Cassava Bacterial Blight (CB-B), major disease in Latin America and Africa, is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihot (Xam). Resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. 93 -varieties of Manihot esculenta (Crantz) from the cassava core collection CIAT went analyzed by AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism), and for ressistance to cassava bacterial blight. AFLP analysis was performed on all plant material using two primer combinations. A level of 79,2% polymorphism was found. The phenogram obtained shows betwe 74% and 96% of genetic similarity among all cassava accessions analyzed, The analysis permitted unique identification of each individual indicating that the sample used does not contain genetic duplicates. Variation in the reaction to Xam strain (strains CIAT 1177 and OrstX27) was observed among the 93 varieties tested for resistance to CBB. The correlation coefficient between resistance to Xam strains under controlled conditions was 0.53 suggesting the independence of resistance to each strain. Multiple correspondence analysis showed a random distribution of the resistance/susceptible response, with respect to overall genetic diversity measured by AFLP. A total heterozygosity index was calculated to find the diversity within clusters as among them. Our results demonstrate that AFLP anaysis is an effective means of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarities among cassava accessions. We also demonstrate that resistance to CCB is broadly distributed in cassava germplasm. MenosAbstract: Cassava Bacterial Blight (CB-B), major disease in Latin America and Africa, is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihot (Xam). Resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. 93 -varieties of Manihot esculenta (Crantz) from the cassava core collection CIAT went analyzed by AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism), and for ressistance to cassava bacterial blight. AFLP analysis was performed on all plant material using two primer combinations. A level of 79,2% polymorphism was found. The phenogram obtained shows betwe 74% and 96% of genetic similarity among all cassava accessions analyzed, The analysis permitted unique identification of each individual indicating that the sample used does not contain genetic duplicates. Variation in the reaction to Xam strain (strains CIAT 1177 and OrstX27) was observed among the 93 varieties tested for resistance to CBB. The correlation coefficient between resistance to Xam strains under controlled conditions was 0.53 suggesting the independence of resistance to each strain. Multiple correspondence analysis showed a random distribution of the resistance/susceptible response, with respect to overall genetic diversity measured by AFLP. A total heterozygosity index was calculated to find the diversity within clusters as among them. Our results demonstrate that AFLP anaysis is an effective means of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarities among cassava accessions. We also demonstrate that resi... Mostrar Tudo |
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Categoria do assunto: |
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LEADER 02062naa a2200181 a 4500
001 1651816
005 2004-04-07
008 1998 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aSANCHEZ, O
245 $aApplication of AFLP for genetic characterization of cassava.
260 $c1998
520 $aAbstract: Cassava Bacterial Blight (CB-B), major disease in Latin America and Africa, is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Manihot (Xam). Resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. 93 -varieties of Manihot esculenta (Crantz) from the cassava core collection CIAT went analyzed by AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism), and for ressistance to cassava bacterial blight. AFLP analysis was performed on all plant material using two primer combinations. A level of 79,2% polymorphism was found. The phenogram obtained shows betwe 74% and 96% of genetic similarity among all cassava accessions analyzed, The analysis permitted unique identification of each individual indicating that the sample used does not contain genetic duplicates. Variation in the reaction to Xam strain (strains CIAT 1177 and OrstX27) was observed among the 93 varieties tested for resistance to CBB. The correlation coefficient between resistance to Xam strains under controlled conditions was 0.53 suggesting the independence of resistance to each strain. Multiple correspondence analysis showed a random distribution of the resistance/susceptible response, with respect to overall genetic diversity measured by AFLP. A total heterozygosity index was calculated to find the diversity within clusters as among them. Our results demonstrate that AFLP anaysis is an effective means of providing quantitative estimates of genetic similarities among cassava accessions. We also demonstrate that resistance to CCB is broadly distributed in cassava germplasm.
700 1 $aRESTREPO, S
700 1 $aDUQUE, M. C
700 1 $aFREGENE, M
700 1 $aBONIERBALE, M
700 1 $aVERDIER, V.
773 $tRevista Brasileira de Mandioca, Cruz das Almas$gv.17, p.43, nov., 1998. Suplemento.
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Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura (CNPMF) |
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Registro Completo
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Florestas. |
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Data corrente: |
03/10/2008 |
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Data da última atualização: |
03/10/2008 |
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Autoria: |
HASEGAWA, M.; SUGIURA, S.; ITO, M. T.; YAMAKI, A.; HAMAGUCHI, K.; KISHIMOTO, T.; OKOCHI, I. |
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Título: |
Community structures of soil animals on Chichijima island in Ogasawara islands in relation to the survival of land snails. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2008 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
In: INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SOIL ZOOLOGY, 15; INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON APTERYGOTA, 12., 2008, Curitiba. Biodiversity, conservation and sustainabele management of soil animal: abstracts. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas. Editors: George Gardner Brown; Klaus Dieter Sautter; Renato Marques; Amarildo Pasini. 1 CD-ROM. |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Chichijima in Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, about
100km south of the mainland of Japan. 95 species of land snails have been recorded from
these islands, and of which more than 90 percent are endemic to the islands (Chiba eta al.
2007). Most of the endemic species, however, have already become extinct or endangered in
Chichijima (Chiba eta al. 2007). Predation pressure by an invasive flatworm (Platyrdemus
manokwari) on the land snails was suggested as one of the cause of the decline of snails
(Ohbayashi et al. 2005, 2007, Sugiura et al. 2006). Soil fauna on Chichijima were investigated
several times (Aoki and Harada 1978 and Ishizawa and Takehara 2001), but the related studies
with decline of snails have not been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the
relation of soil fauna with survival of land snails from the comparison of soil fauna on snail surviving
and extinct areas of Chichijima Island.
The research was conducted in June and November of 2005. Ten sites (3 snail surviving sites
and 7 extinct sites) for soil macrofauna and six sites (3 snail surviving sites and 3 extinct sites)
for soil mesofauna were set. Sampling of soil macrofauna was conducted at six quadrates
(each 25 × 25 cm) set at 5 m intervals along a line (25 m) in each site. Litter layer and topsoil (15
cm deep) were collected at each quadrate. Soil macrofauna was immediately picked up from
the soil and litter by hands. Soil mesofauna was extracted from the soil core samples. A 100 ml
soil sample (20 cm2 × 5 cm in depth) including litter layer was taken by a cylindrical core sampler
at each of the ten points set at 5 m intervals along another line (45 m) in each site. Soil mesofauna
was extracted from the samples for three days at 35?? by Tullgren funnels.
Most of soil fauna did not show the decline. However, one undescribed but endemic carabid
species (Badister sp.), which have selective feeding habits on land snails, was not recorded on
snail extinct area. Earthworm was recorded at all study sites, and dominant in soil macrofauna.
All species of the earthworms seemed to be introduced species. The invasive flatworm P.
manokwari has been reported to feed also on the carcasses of earthworms as well as live
snails, therefore P. manokwari is expected to survive on most of the area of Chichijima Island.
Comaparison of this examination with Aoki and Harada (1978) showed that the density of
Isopods decreased. The density and species richness of ants, Collembola and oribatid mites
were not so different between snail survived and exterminated area.
In conclusion, the close relation between soil fauna and land snails has been rarely recognized
except one carabid species, but the present (current) structure of soil animals as reflected in
introduced earthworm, decline of endemic isopods and tramp species of ants indicated the
various impacts on the fauna on Chichijima island. MenosChichijima in Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, about
100km south of the mainland of Japan. 95 species of land snails have been recorded from
these islands, and of which more than 90 percent are endemic to the islands (Chiba eta al.
2007). Most of the endemic species, however, have already become extinct or endangered in
Chichijima (Chiba eta al. 2007). Predation pressure by an invasive flatworm (Platyrdemus
manokwari) on the land snails was suggested as one of the cause of the decline of snails
(Ohbayashi et al. 2005, 2007, Sugiura et al. 2006). Soil fauna on Chichijima were investigated
several times (Aoki and Harada 1978 and Ishizawa and Takehara 2001), but the related studies
with decline of snails have not been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the
relation of soil fauna with survival of land snails from the comparison of soil fauna on snail surviving
and extinct areas of Chichijima Island.
The research was conducted in June and November of 2005. Ten sites (3 snail surviving sites
and 7 extinct sites) for soil macrofauna and six sites (3 snail surviving sites and 3 extinct sites)
for soil mesofauna were set. Sampling of soil macrofauna was conducted at six quadrates
(each 25 × 25 cm) set at 5 m intervals along a line (25 m) in each site. Litter layer and topsoil (15
cm deep) were collected at each quadrate. Soil macrofauna was immediately picked up from
the soil and litter by hands. Soil mesofauna was extracted fro... Mostrar Tudo |
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Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
|
Marc: |
LEADER 03773naa a2200193 a 4500
001 1315027
005 2008-10-03
008 2008 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
100 1 $aHASEGAWA, M.
245 $aCommunity structures of soil animals on Chichijima island in Ogasawara islands in relation to the survival of land snails.
260 $c2008
520 $aChichijima in Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands is located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, about 100km south of the mainland of Japan. 95 species of land snails have been recorded from these islands, and of which more than 90 percent are endemic to the islands (Chiba eta al. 2007). Most of the endemic species, however, have already become extinct or endangered in Chichijima (Chiba eta al. 2007). Predation pressure by an invasive flatworm (Platyrdemus manokwari) on the land snails was suggested as one of the cause of the decline of snails (Ohbayashi et al. 2005, 2007, Sugiura et al. 2006). Soil fauna on Chichijima were investigated several times (Aoki and Harada 1978 and Ishizawa and Takehara 2001), but the related studies with decline of snails have not been conducted. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of soil fauna with survival of land snails from the comparison of soil fauna on snail surviving and extinct areas of Chichijima Island. The research was conducted in June and November of 2005. Ten sites (3 snail surviving sites and 7 extinct sites) for soil macrofauna and six sites (3 snail surviving sites and 3 extinct sites) for soil mesofauna were set. Sampling of soil macrofauna was conducted at six quadrates (each 25 × 25 cm) set at 5 m intervals along a line (25 m) in each site. Litter layer and topsoil (15 cm deep) were collected at each quadrate. Soil macrofauna was immediately picked up from the soil and litter by hands. Soil mesofauna was extracted from the soil core samples. A 100 ml soil sample (20 cm2 × 5 cm in depth) including litter layer was taken by a cylindrical core sampler at each of the ten points set at 5 m intervals along another line (45 m) in each site. Soil mesofauna was extracted from the samples for three days at 35?? by Tullgren funnels. Most of soil fauna did not show the decline. However, one undescribed but endemic carabid species (Badister sp.), which have selective feeding habits on land snails, was not recorded on snail extinct area. Earthworm was recorded at all study sites, and dominant in soil macrofauna. All species of the earthworms seemed to be introduced species. The invasive flatworm P. manokwari has been reported to feed also on the carcasses of earthworms as well as live snails, therefore P. manokwari is expected to survive on most of the area of Chichijima Island. Comaparison of this examination with Aoki and Harada (1978) showed that the density of Isopods decreased. The density and species richness of ants, Collembola and oribatid mites were not so different between snail survived and exterminated area. In conclusion, the close relation between soil fauna and land snails has been rarely recognized except one carabid species, but the present (current) structure of soil animals as reflected in introduced earthworm, decline of endemic isopods and tramp species of ants indicated the various impacts on the fauna on Chichijima island.
700 1 $aSUGIURA, S.
700 1 $aITO, M. T.
700 1 $aYAMAKI, A.
700 1 $aHAMAGUCHI, K.
700 1 $aKISHIMOTO, T.
700 1 $aOKOCHI, I.
773 $tIn: INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON SOIL ZOOLOGY, 15; INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON APTERYGOTA, 12., 2008, Curitiba. Biodiversity, conservation and sustainabele management of soil animal: abstracts. Colombo: Embrapa Florestas. Editors: George Gardner Brown; Klaus Dieter Sautter; Renato Marques; Amarildo Pasini. 1 CD-ROM.
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