Data/hora: 10/06/2024 13:39:58

Biblioteca(s): | Embrapa Semiárido.
Data corrente: | 20/12/2010
Data da última atualização: | 03/01/2011
Autoria: | ROBERTS, J. D.; CASERIO, M. C.
Título: | Modern organic chemistry.
Ano de publicação: | 1967
Fonte/Imprenta: | New York: Benjamin, 1967.
Páginas: | 844 p.
Descrição Física: | il.
Idioma: | Português

Conteúdo:

Structure, didentification, and nomenclature. Bonding in carbon compounds. Structure Organic Chemistry. Bond Angles and Sall-and-Sitck models. Rotational conformations. Space-Filling models. Nomenclature of organic compounds. Spectroscopy of organic molecules. Absorption of eletromangetic radiation. Infrared spectroscopy. Eletronic spectra of organic molecules. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry. alkenes. Nomenclarure. Physical properties of alkanes. Combution of alkanes. Estimation of heats of combustion. Bond energies. Halogenation of alkanes and general problems regarding organic synthesis. Practice of halogenation. Nitration alkanes. cycloalkanes. nomenclature. Physical properties of cycloalkanes. Spectroscopy properties of cycloalkanes. Conformations of cycloalkanes. Strain in cycloalkanes rings. Chemical. properties. Cis-trans isomerism of substituted cycloalkanes. Conformation of decalin. bonding in organic molecules, atomic orbital models. Hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. Bond formation usingmatomic orbitals. Directed covalent bonds. Hybrid bond orbitals. Atomic orbital models of organic compounds. Bond orbitals for atoms carrying unshared electron pairs. Interelectronic repulsion and bond angles. Alkenes I, structure, spectra, and stereoisomerism. Nomenclature. Physical properties of alkenes. Spectroscopic properties of alkenes. The structure of ethylene. Cis-trans isomerism. Determination of configuration of cis-trans isomers. Alkenes II. Reactions of Carbon-Carbon double bonds. Additions to alkenes. Electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents. Hydrogeneration of alkenes: heterogeneous catalysis. Eletrophilic addition to alkenes. Orientation in addition to alkenes. Additions of unsymmetrical reagents opposite to Markownikoff’s Rule. Addition of Boron hybrids to alkenes. Oxidation of alkenes. Polymerization of alkenes. Synthesis of organic compounds. Alkyne. Nomenclature. Physical properties of alkynes. Spectroscopic properties of alkynes. Acetylene. Addition reactions of alkynes. 1 – alkynes as acids. The resonance method and some of its applications. The molecular-orbital approach. Electron-pair bonds. The Benzene problem. An atomic-orbital model of Benzene. Electron-pairing schemes – the resonance and method. Stabilization and resonance energy. Resonance and absortion spectra. Molecular orbital theory. Bifunctional compounds. Alkadienes. Functional groups as an aid to the classification of organic compounds. Alkadienes. 1,3-or conjugated dienes. 1,4-cycloaddition reaction of dienes: the diels-alder reaction. 1,2-cycloaddition of dienes. Polymerization of conjugated dienes. Nucleophilic displacement and elimination reactions. Alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl halides. Organic derivatives of inorganic compounds. Alcohol and alkyl halide nomenclature. Ether nomenclature. The use of greek letters to denote substituent positions. Single-or multiple-word names. Nucleophilic displacement reactions. General considerations. Mechanisms of SN displacements. Stereochemistry of SN2 displacements. Stereochemistry of SN1 reactions. Structural and solvent effects in SN reactions. Elimination reations. The E2 reations. E1 reations. Alkyl, alkenyl, and cycloalkyl halides. Alkyl halides. Polyhalogen compounds. Fluorinatted alkanes. Organometalilic compounds. General properties of organometallic compounds. Preparation of organometallic compounds. Organometallic compounds. Reations of Grignard reagents. Organosodium and organolithium compounds. Commercial applications of organometallic compounds. Eletrophilic displacement reactions at Carbon. Alcohols and ethers. Nomenclature of carbonyl compounds. Physical properties of alcohols – hydrogen bonding. Preparation of alcohols. Chemical reactions of alcohols. Reactions involving the O-H bond. Reactions involving the C-H bond of alcohols. 
 Oxidation of alcohols. Unsaturated alcohols. Ethers. Types and retains of simple ethers. Cyclic ethers. Aldehydes and ketones. Reactions at the carbonyl group. Preparation of aldeydes and ketones. Carbonyl groups of addition reactions. Condenstions of carbonyl compounds with RNH2 derivatives. Hydrogen halide addition and replacement by halogen. Reduction of carbonyl compounds. Oxidation of carbonyl compounds. The Cannizzaro reation. Aldehydes and ketones. Reations involving the substituent groups. Unsatureted and polycarbonyl compounds. Halogenation of aldehydes and ketones. Reactions of enolate anions. ?, ?-Unsatured aldehydes and ketones. Ketenes. Polycarbonyl compounds. 1,2-Dicarbonyl compounds. 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds. 1,4-Dicarbonyl compounds. Carboxylic acids and derivatives. Physical properties of carboxylic acids. Hydrogen  bonding. Spectra of carboxylic acids. Chemical properties of carboxylic acids. Dissociation  of carboxylic acids. Reaction at the carbonyl Carbon of carboxylic acids. Decarboxylation of carboxylic acids. Reactions at the alpha carbons of carboxylic acids. Functional derivatives of carbolylic acids. Reactions at the carboxyl Carborn. Reactions at the alpha Carborns of carboxylic acid derivatives. Reactions of unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Migration of the double bond. Double-bond addition reaction. Dicarboxylic acids. Acid properties of dicarboxylic acids. Thermal behavior of dicarboxylic acids. Optical isomerism. Plane-polarized light and the origin of optical rotation. Specific rotation. Optically active compounds with asymmetric Carbon atoms. Optically active compounds having no asymmetric carbon atoms. Absolute and relative configuration. Separation or resolution of enantiomers. Asymmetric synthesis and asymmetric induction. Racemization. Carbohydrates. Classification of carbohydrates. The structure and properties of D- glucose. Projection formules for carbohydrates. Conventions for indicating ring size of monosaccharides. Mutarotation. Reactions of glucose with Amines. Osazone formation. Glycosides. Disaccarides. Polysaccarides. Vitamin C. Organic nitrogen compounds, Amines, amides, nitriles, nitro, azo, diazo, and related compounds. Derivatives of ammonia. Types and nomenclature of amines. Physical and spectroscopic properties of amines. Stereochemistry of amines. Amines as acid and bases. Methods for the preparation of amines. Reactions of amines. Oxidation of amines. Amides. Physical and spectral characteristics of amides. Syntheses of amides. Hydrolysis of amides. Nitriles. nitroso and Nitro compounds. Nitroso compounds. Nitro compounds. Some compounds with N-N bonds. Hydrazines. Azo compounds. Diazo compounds. Amino acids, peptides, proteins, and enzymes. Types of biological important amino acides. Synthesis of ?-amino acids. The Acid-base properties of amino acids. Analysis of amino acids. Lactams. Peptides and proteins. Protein structure. Enzymes. Coenzymes. Biosyntesis of proteins. The structure of DNA. Genetic control and the replication of DNA. Organosulfur compounds. Types and nomenclature of organosulfur compounds. Thils. Alkyl sulfides. Sulfoxides and sulfones. Sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids. Arenes. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nomenclature of arenes. Physical properties of arenes. Spectroscopic properties of arenes. Reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Eletrophilic aromatic substitution. Effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation in eletrophilic aromatic substitution. Substitution reactions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Nonbezenoid aromatic compounds. Aryl halogen compounds. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Physical properties of aryl halogen compounds. Preparation of aryl halides. Reactions of aryl halides. Aryl Nitrogen compounds. Aromatic nitro compounds. Synthesis of nitro compounds. Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Polynitro compounds. Charge-transfer (?) complexes. Aromatic Amines. General properties. Aromatic amines with nitrous acid. Diazonium salts. Preparation and general properties. Replacement reactions of diazonium salts. Reactions of diazonium compounds that occur without loss of Nitrogen. Aryl Oxigen compounds. Synthesis and physical properties of phenols. Some chemical properties of phenols. Polyhydrric phenols. Quinones. Reduction of quinones. Photographic of developers. Addition reactions of quinones. Vitamin K1. Tropolones and related compounds. Aromatic side-chain derivatives. Preparation of side-chain derivatives aromatic halogen compounds. Side-chain compounds derived from arylmethyl halides. Preparation of aromatic side-chain compounds by ring substitution. Properties of aromatic side-chain derivatives. Arylmethyl halides. Stable carbonium ions, carbanions, and free radicals. Aromatic aldehydes. Natural occurrence and uses of aromatic side-chain derivatives. Electron paramagnetic resonance (e.p.r.) spectroscopy. Heterocyclic aromatic compounds. Nomenclature of heteroclyclic ring systems. Monohetero ring systems. Some derivatives of pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and pyridine. Polyhetero ring systems. Synthesis of polyhetero ring systems by 1,3-cycloaddition. Heterocyclic natural products. Natural products releted to pyrrole. Natural products releted to indoles. Natural products releted to pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline. Natural products releted to pyridine. Natural products releted to purine. Natural products releted to Pteridine. Natural products releted to pyran. Polyheteno natural products. Dyes and photochemistry. Color and constitution. Light absorption, fluorescence, and phosphorescence. Light absorption and structure. Dyes. Methodes for applying dyes to fabrics. Other commercial uses of light-absorbing compounds. Organic photochemistry. Photodissociation reactions. Photochemical reduction. Benzopinacol formation. Photochemical oxidation. Photochemical isomerization of cis- and trans- unsaturated compounds. Photochemical cycloaddiction. Polymers. Types of polymers. Physical properties of polymers. Forces between polymer chains. Correlation of polymer properties with structure. Preparation of synthetic polymers. Addition polymers. Naturally occurring polymers. Silk. Wool. Collagen. The chemistry of natural products. Civetone. Spectroscopic methods in the determination of the structures of natural products. Isoprenoid compounds. Terpene hydrocarbons. Oxygeneted isoprenoid compounds. Steroids. Cholesterol. Representative steroids. Biogenesis of the terpenes and steroids. Cholesterol biogenesis. Organosilicon, phosphorus, and boron compounds. Types of organosilicon compounds. Bonding involving d orbitals in organosilicon compounds. Preparation and properties of organosilicon compounds. Silanols, siloxanes, and polysiloxanes. Organophosphorus compounds. Types of organosilicon compounds. Nomenclarute of phosphorus compounds. General considerations of reactivity of organophosphorus compounds. Organophosphorus compounds as nucleophilic reagents. Organophosphorus compounds as electrophilic reagents. Nucleophilic reactions at phosphorus. Free-radical reactions. Stereochemistry of organophosphorus compounds. Reactions of quaternary phosphonium compounds. Organoboron compounds. Types of bonding compounds. Multicenter bonding and Boron compounds. Multicenter bonding and Boron hydrides. Nomenclature and physical properties of organoboron compounds. Preparation and chemical properties of organoboron compounds. Index.

Palavras-Chave: | Química Orgânica.
Categoria do assunto: | --
Registro original: | Embrapa Semiárido (CPATSA)
Exemplares: | CPATSA - (43897-1) - ADD - LV - PP - 547 - R645m - 1978.05053 - DIS