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Registro Completo |
Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Suínos e Aves. |
Data corrente: |
08/10/2015 |
Data da última atualização: |
03/06/2016 |
Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
Autoria: |
CAMPOS, T. de; PISSETTI, C.; WERLANG, G. O.; LOPES, G. V.; KICH, J. D.; CARDOSO, M. R. de I. |
Afiliação: |
THAIS DE CAMPOS, UFRGS/Faculdade de Veterinária; CAROLINE PISSETTI, UFRGS/Faculdade de Veterinária; GABRIELA OROSCO WERLANG, UFRGS/Faculdade de Veterinária; GRACIELA VOLZ LOPES, UFRGS/Faculdade de Veterinária; JALUSA DEON KICH, CNPSA; MARISA RIBEIRO DE ITAPEMA CARDOSO, UFRGS/Faculdade de Veterinária. |
Título: |
Antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus isolated from pre-chill swine carcasses. |
Ano de publicação: |
2015 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 43, n. 1259, 2015. |
Idioma: |
Inglês |
Conteúdo: |
Background: As a result of the extensive use of antimicrobials in agriculture, animals have been implicated as possible reservoirs of resistant strains of bacteria. Enterococci are members of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals. Because of their ubiquity, enterococci have been introduced in programs to evaluate the hazard of transmission of resistant bacterial strains through the food chain. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus isolated from swine carcasses at the pre-chill step of processing. Material, Methods & Results: Pig carcasses were sampled at three commercial slaughterhouses (A, B and C). On each of two sampling occasions swabs of 100 cm2 areas were taken from each ham, back, belly and jowl of a total of 14 pre-chill carcasses. Enterococci were isolated and counted in KF Streptococcus Agar, and typical colonies were confirmed by PCR assay targeting the tuf gene. Enterococcus isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine different antimicrobial agents by agar disc diffusion. From a total of 252 carcasses sampled, 240 (95.2%) presented presumptive colonies of Enterococcus in counts ranging from 0.02 log CFU.cm-2 to 2.9 log CFU.cm-2. All isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Enterococcus, and the great majority was identified as E. faecalis (218/240; 90.83%). Half (125/240; 52.1%) of the Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. No resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin or teicoplanin was found. The most frequent resistance was to tetracycline (42.5%), followed by erythromycin (26.7%), high level (HLR) streptomycin (20.4%), ciprofloxacin (13.8%), chloramphenicol (12.1%) and HLR-gentamicin (10.4%). Among the 115 resistant Enterococcus isolates, 55 (47.8%) were multi-resistant, and the distribution of the most common profiles was related to the slaughterhouse from which the isolate originated. Discussion: Although foodborne enterococci have not yet been clearly involved in direct clinical infection, antimicrobial-resistant isolates from food can be a reservoir of resistance genes. Therefore, the occurrence of resistant isolates to HLR-streptomycin, HLR-gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in swine carcasses may present a risk of spreading enterococci strains that are resistant to treatment. Several drugs of these groups are used in feed for prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory and enteric diseases in pigs and may thus be exerting a high selective pressure in the intestinal microbiota. The sampled slaughterhouses in this study were supplied by production chains that belong to different agribusiness companies. These companies run contracts with farmers which usually specify a common management protocol, including prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antimicrobial drugs. The selective pressure of antimicrobial usage may also explain the significant difference in the frequency of resistance to most tested agents among the slaughterhouses. It was concluded that although Enterococcus isolates from pre-chill swine carcasses presented a low to moderate frequency of resistance against most antimicrobials used in human treatment, isolates displaying resistance to the aminoglycosides and macrolides classes may present a hazard. The multi-resistance patterns were highly associated with the origin of the isolates and may indicate the extent of antimicrobial use on farm. MenosBackground: As a result of the extensive use of antimicrobials in agriculture, animals have been implicated as possible reservoirs of resistant strains of bacteria. Enterococci are members of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals. Because of their ubiquity, enterococci have been introduced in programs to evaluate the hazard of transmission of resistant bacterial strains through the food chain. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus isolated from swine carcasses at the pre-chill step of processing. Material, Methods & Results: Pig carcasses were sampled at three commercial slaughterhouses (A, B and C). On each of two sampling occasions swabs of 100 cm2 areas were taken from each ham, back, belly and jowl of a total of 14 pre-chill carcasses. Enterococci were isolated and counted in KF Streptococcus Agar, and typical colonies were confirmed by PCR assay targeting the tuf gene. Enterococcus isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine different antimicrobial agents by agar disc diffusion. From a total of 252 carcasses sampled, 240 (95.2%) presented presumptive colonies of Enterococcus in counts ranging from 0.02 log CFU.cm-2 to 2.9 log CFU.cm-2. All isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Enterococcus, and the great majority was identified as E. faecalis (218/240; 90.83%). Half (125/240; 52.1%) of the Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. No resistance to ... Mostrar Tudo |
Palavras-Chave: |
Enterococcus porcines. |
Thesagro: |
Antibiótico; Bactéria; Carcaça; Microbiologia; Suíno. |
Thesaurus Nal: |
Antibiotic resistance; Bacteriology; Pig carcasses. |
Categoria do assunto: |
-- |
Marc: |
LEADER 04278naa a2200289 a 4500 001 2026050 005 2016-06-03 008 2015 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d 100 1 $aCAMPOS, T. de 245 $aAntimicrobial resistance of enterococcus isolated from pre-chill swine carcasses.$h[electronic resource] 260 $c2015 520 $aBackground: As a result of the extensive use of antimicrobials in agriculture, animals have been implicated as possible reservoirs of resistant strains of bacteria. Enterococci are members of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals. Because of their ubiquity, enterococci have been introduced in programs to evaluate the hazard of transmission of resistant bacterial strains through the food chain. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus isolated from swine carcasses at the pre-chill step of processing. Material, Methods & Results: Pig carcasses were sampled at three commercial slaughterhouses (A, B and C). On each of two sampling occasions swabs of 100 cm2 areas were taken from each ham, back, belly and jowl of a total of 14 pre-chill carcasses. Enterococci were isolated and counted in KF Streptococcus Agar, and typical colonies were confirmed by PCR assay targeting the tuf gene. Enterococcus isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine different antimicrobial agents by agar disc diffusion. From a total of 252 carcasses sampled, 240 (95.2%) presented presumptive colonies of Enterococcus in counts ranging from 0.02 log CFU.cm-2 to 2.9 log CFU.cm-2. All isolates were confirmed as belonging to the genus Enterococcus, and the great majority was identified as E. faecalis (218/240; 90.83%). Half (125/240; 52.1%) of the Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. No resistance to ampicillin, vancomycin or teicoplanin was found. The most frequent resistance was to tetracycline (42.5%), followed by erythromycin (26.7%), high level (HLR) streptomycin (20.4%), ciprofloxacin (13.8%), chloramphenicol (12.1%) and HLR-gentamicin (10.4%). Among the 115 resistant Enterococcus isolates, 55 (47.8%) were multi-resistant, and the distribution of the most common profiles was related to the slaughterhouse from which the isolate originated. Discussion: Although foodborne enterococci have not yet been clearly involved in direct clinical infection, antimicrobial-resistant isolates from food can be a reservoir of resistance genes. Therefore, the occurrence of resistant isolates to HLR-streptomycin, HLR-gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in swine carcasses may present a risk of spreading enterococci strains that are resistant to treatment. Several drugs of these groups are used in feed for prophylaxis and treatment of respiratory and enteric diseases in pigs and may thus be exerting a high selective pressure in the intestinal microbiota. The sampled slaughterhouses in this study were supplied by production chains that belong to different agribusiness companies. These companies run contracts with farmers which usually specify a common management protocol, including prophylactic and therapeutic administration of antimicrobial drugs. The selective pressure of antimicrobial usage may also explain the significant difference in the frequency of resistance to most tested agents among the slaughterhouses. It was concluded that although Enterococcus isolates from pre-chill swine carcasses presented a low to moderate frequency of resistance against most antimicrobials used in human treatment, isolates displaying resistance to the aminoglycosides and macrolides classes may present a hazard. The multi-resistance patterns were highly associated with the origin of the isolates and may indicate the extent of antimicrobial use on farm. 650 $aAntibiotic resistance 650 $aBacteriology 650 $aPig carcasses 650 $aAntibiótico 650 $aBactéria 650 $aCarcaça 650 $aMicrobiologia 650 $aSuíno 653 $aEnterococcus porcines 700 1 $aPISSETTI, C. 700 1 $aWERLANG, G. O. 700 1 $aLOPES, G. V. 700 1 $aKICH, J. D. 700 1 $aCARDOSO, M. R. de I. 773 $tActa Scientiae Veterinariae$gv. 43, n. 1259, 2015.
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Embrapa Suínos e Aves (CNPSA) |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Uva e Vinho. |
Data corrente: |
04/01/2021 |
Data da última atualização: |
04/01/2021 |
Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
Autoria: |
COCCO, A.; SILVA, V. C. P. da; BENELLI, G.; BOTTON, M.; LUCCHI, A. |
Afiliação: |
ARTURO COCCO, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy; VITOR CEZAR PACHECO DA SILVA, Agronomy Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay; GIOVANNI BENELLI, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; MARCOS BOTTON, CNPUV; ANDREA LUCCHI, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy. |
Título: |
Sustainable management of the vine mealybug in organic vineyards. |
Ano de publicação: |
2020 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Journal of Pest Science, Dec. 2020. |
DOI: |
10.1007/s10340-020-01305-8 |
Idioma: |
Inglês |
Conteúdo: |
The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the density action threshold below which sustainable methods are effective and calibrate efforts in relation with pest infestation is needed. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the most appropriate sustainable control protocols in different environmental conditions and promote a further spread of organic viticulture. MenosThe vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the de... Mostrar Tudo |
Palavras-Chave: |
Grapevine. |
Thesaurus NAL: |
Biological control; Cultural control; Mating disruption; Physical control; Planococcus ficus. |
Categoria do assunto: |
F Plantas e Produtos de Origem Vegetal |
URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/219839/1/Cocco2020-Article-SustainableManagementOfTheVine.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02531naa a2200253 a 4500 001 2128930 005 2021-01-04 008 2020 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d 024 7 $a10.1007/s10340-020-01305-8$2DOI 100 1 $aCOCCO, A. 245 $aSustainable management of the vine mealybug in organic vineyards.$h[electronic resource] 260 $c2020 520 $aThe vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus, is a major grapevine pest worldwide, whose chemical control is often unsatisfactory due to its cryptic behavior, insecticide resistance and high fecundity rate. Recently, increasing restrictions have been applied to insecticides used for managing VMB. This review discusses sustainable VMB management strategies in organic viticulture. Pheromone-mediated mating disruption has been proved to be effective in both organic wine and table-grape vineyards. Biocontrol projects carried out through the release of parasitoids and/or predators have often provided inconclusive results, ranging from effective reduction of mealybug infestation to a marginal impact of parasitoids on VMB density. The latter outcome is likely due to constraints affecting the parasitoid activity, such as the disrupting activity of mealybug-tending ants and broad-spectrum insecticides, or untimely release of parasitoids. Ant suppression should be associated with the release of beneficial organisms, as mealybug-tending ants can severely affect the parasitoid activity. Cultural and physical control and the employment of entomopathogens and natural products mitigate the buildup of VMB populations, but they are not widely applied. VMB control in organic viticulture requires the integration of different strategies, as application of single control tools as a stand-alone treatment may not be effective, especially for high pest infestation. Future research to determine the density action threshold below which sustainable methods are effective and calibrate efforts in relation with pest infestation is needed. A multi-disciplinary approach is required to define the most appropriate sustainable control protocols in different environmental conditions and promote a further spread of organic viticulture. 650 $aBiological control 650 $aCultural control 650 $aMating disruption 650 $aPhysical control 650 $aPlanococcus ficus 653 $aGrapevine 700 1 $aSILVA, V. C. P. da 700 1 $aBENELLI, G. 700 1 $aBOTTON, M. 700 1 $aLUCCHI, A. 773 $tJournal of Pest Science, Dec. 2020.
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