Data/hora: 08/06/2024 06:44:37

Biblioteca(s): | Embrapa Pantanal.
Data corrente: | 24/07/1995
Data da última atualização: | 17/04/2009
Autoria: | GROSSMAN, J.; ARONOVICH, S.; CAMPELLO, E. do C. B.
Título: | Grasslands of Brazil.
Ano de publicação: | 1965
Fonte/Imprenta: | In: CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE PASTAGENS, 9., 1965, Sao Paulo. Anais. Sao Paulo: Secretaria de Agricultura, 1965. p.39-47.
Idioma: | Inglês
Conteúdo: | The authors divided Brazil, for the purpose of this paper, into three large regions, South, Center and North-Northeast. The Southern Region, with an area of 571.439 km2, inlcudes the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana and presents several characteristics that distinguis it from the resta of the country> The rain distribution is nearly uniform through the different seasons, occurring eventual droughts during the summers and frosts in winter. Animal industry is based mainly on the use of natural grassland. The milder climate permits the use of European breeds of cattle as well as the use of sheep for wool production in a large scale. Different grassland formations are described as well as the main cultivated pastures, the last ones making possible to obtain much higher productivity of the land. The Central Region, with an area of 2,789,911 km2, includes the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais, Goias, Mato Grosso and the Federal Distric. Its climate, although variables, is humid tropical and subtropical, the average temperatures vary from 19 to 26C, the rainly season being summer. Its cattle populationa is approximately 49 millions (62% of the total) and generally is composed by crosses with Brah,a. The main natural grassland are described; the zone called Pantanal, in Mato Grosso, a low land region which is flooded every year by the Paraguay River. Beef cattle is raised there with low stocking arate - 1 animal per 5 hectares - low output and heavy losses of animals. The "campos cerrados" and "campos limpos", at the Central Plateau where the low soil fertility and winter drought make very difficult its better utilization. Artificial pastures are also described with special reference to some grasses Melinis minutiflora, Hyparrhenia rufa, Panicum maximum, as well as to Digitaria decumbens (Pangola grass), recently introduced. The problem of soiling crops ("capineiras") mainly used in dairy farms is metioned. The North-Northeast Region has the largest area (5,139,000 km2). The Northeast, which includes the States of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara and Piaui, is characterized by long droughts, frequently extremely severe, which cause the death of many animals. This occurs all over the area, with exceptionaaaaaa of all the coastal region and Southern Bahia. Natural pastures predominante but do not offer sufficient forage production to keep herds in good conditions. many trees are used for feeding animals, some species being cultivated for this purpose, such as "algaroba" (Proposis juliflora). Amoag the cultivated, plant for animals feeding, some spineless Cactaceae ("plamas") of the genera Opunti and Nopalea, are used in large scale. The North, including the States of Maranhao, Para and Amazonas, present tropical forests climate, with high temperature and heavy rainfal. The prevailing vegetation is composed of big trees. One those trees are cut down, the soil rapidly is depleted, due to the decomposition of organic matter and the lexiviation of the mineral elements. The yield of the pastures is low, as well as the quality of the cattle, mainly raised for beef production. Marajo island is the main cattle area, in whicha Brahama breed predominants. Water buffalos are also raised in certain scale. Several tropical forage species are cultivated there, most of them are the same mentioned for the central region. Other grasses, that are adapted to flooded soils, are used in the North of Brazil, from the genera Echinochloa, Pespalum and panicum, known under the name of "Canaranas".
Palavras-Chave: | Brasil; Grassland.
Thesagro: | Pastagem.
Thesaurus Nal: | Brazil.
Categoria do assunto: | --
Registro original: | Embrapa Pantanal (CPAP)
Exemplares: | CPAP - (28652-1) - ADD - SP - -- - SP0347 -  - 0347 - DIS