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Registro Completo |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Solos. |
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Data corrente: |
25/11/2019 |
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Data da última atualização: |
04/12/2023 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Orientação de Tese de Pós-Graduação |
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Autoria: |
ALHO, C. F. B. V. |
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Afiliação: |
CARLOS FRANCISCO BRAZÃO VIEIRA ALHO, WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY & RESEARCH. |
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Título: |
Long-term persistence of soil organic matter in Amazonian Dark Earth. |
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Ano de publicação: |
2019 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
2019. |
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Páginas: |
143 f. |
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ISBN: |
978-94-6395-174-6 |
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DOI: |
10.18174/504110 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Notas: |
Thesis (Doctor) - Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen. Promotors: T. W. M. Kuyper, Wageningen University & Research. Co-promotors: T. Hiemstra, Wageningen University & Research; Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, CNPS. |
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Conteúdo: |
Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE), highly fertile pre-Columbian anthropic soils found in the Amazon, have intrigued scientists for decades. Despite tropical conditions, these soils exhibit large contents of carbon (C) and nutrients (particularly Ca and P), contrasting with the poor adjacent soils (ADJ) from the Amazon. High carbon (C) content in ADE has been linked with the occurrence of black carbon (BC) in these soils. BC has been claimed to be highly resistant to decomposition due to its polycondensed aromatic structure. However, recent advancements indicate that intrinsic chemical characteristics do not fully explain long-term persistence of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil minerals are known to play an important role on the mechanisms of SOM stabilization mainly through adsorption of SOM onto the surface of reactive soil minerals (i.e. Fe and Al oxides). However, the relative contribution of mineral protection versus chemical recalcitrance in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE is poorly understood. The overall objective of this PhD thesis was to investigate the interactive roles of BC, Ca and P in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. Overall, my results (Chapter 3-5) have major implications for a common SOM methodology proposed to isolate a 'stable' pool of SOM upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and to subsequently differentiate and quantify the relative contribution of two mechanisms of SOM stabilization (i.e. mineral association and chemical recalcitrance) upon soil demineralization with HF. Combining data from Chapters 4 and 5, it seems like BC is removed upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and therefore is part of the operationally defined 'labile' rather than the 'stable' SOM pool. Removal of BC with NaOCl raises questions about the contrast between low resistance of BC towards chemical oxidation and apparent high resistance of BC against biological oxidation, which certainly deserves more attention in future studies. Furthermore, my results shed light on the importance of high Ca and P inputs (Chapter 2 and 5) besides the occurrence of BC in ADE (Chapter 5) in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. In my thesis, I propose that it is the interaction between OM inputs (including BC inputs), Ca and P that are responsible for the long-term persistence of large SOM contents in ADE, which brings major implications for the sole use of charred OM (i.e. biochar) as a strategy to reproduce ADE desirable characteristics in other soils. MenosAmazonian Dark Earths (ADE), highly fertile pre-Columbian anthropic soils found in the Amazon, have intrigued scientists for decades. Despite tropical conditions, these soils exhibit large contents of carbon (C) and nutrients (particularly Ca and P), contrasting with the poor adjacent soils (ADJ) from the Amazon. High carbon (C) content in ADE has been linked with the occurrence of black carbon (BC) in these soils. BC has been claimed to be highly resistant to decomposition due to its polycondensed aromatic structure. However, recent advancements indicate that intrinsic chemical characteristics do not fully explain long-term persistence of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil minerals are known to play an important role on the mechanisms of SOM stabilization mainly through adsorption of SOM onto the surface of reactive soil minerals (i.e. Fe and Al oxides). However, the relative contribution of mineral protection versus chemical recalcitrance in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE is poorly understood. The overall objective of this PhD thesis was to investigate the interactive roles of BC, Ca and P in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. Overall, my results (Chapter 3-5) have major implications for a common SOM methodology proposed to isolate a 'stable' pool of SOM upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and to subsequently differentiate and quantify the relative contribution of two mechanisms of SOM stabilization (i.e. mineral association and chemical recalcitra... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Carbono negro; Terra Preta de Índio. |
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Thesagro: |
Carbono; Matéria Orgânica; Solo. |
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Thesaurus Nal: |
Carbon; Soil organic matter; Terra preta. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
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Marc: |
LEADER 03380nam a2200253 a 4500
001 2114989
005 2023-12-04
008 2019 bl uuuu m 00u1 u #d
020 $a978-94-6395-174-6
024 7 $a10.18174/504110$2DOI
100 1 $aALHO, C. F. B. V.
245 $aLong-term persistence of soil organic matter in Amazonian Dark Earth.$h[electronic resource]
260 $a2019.$c2019
300 $a143 f.
500 $aThesis (Doctor) - Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen. Promotors: T. W. M. Kuyper, Wageningen University & Research. Co-promotors: T. Hiemstra, Wageningen University & Research; Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, CNPS.
520 $aAmazonian Dark Earths (ADE), highly fertile pre-Columbian anthropic soils found in the Amazon, have intrigued scientists for decades. Despite tropical conditions, these soils exhibit large contents of carbon (C) and nutrients (particularly Ca and P), contrasting with the poor adjacent soils (ADJ) from the Amazon. High carbon (C) content in ADE has been linked with the occurrence of black carbon (BC) in these soils. BC has been claimed to be highly resistant to decomposition due to its polycondensed aromatic structure. However, recent advancements indicate that intrinsic chemical characteristics do not fully explain long-term persistence of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil minerals are known to play an important role on the mechanisms of SOM stabilization mainly through adsorption of SOM onto the surface of reactive soil minerals (i.e. Fe and Al oxides). However, the relative contribution of mineral protection versus chemical recalcitrance in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE is poorly understood. The overall objective of this PhD thesis was to investigate the interactive roles of BC, Ca and P in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. Overall, my results (Chapter 3-5) have major implications for a common SOM methodology proposed to isolate a 'stable' pool of SOM upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and to subsequently differentiate and quantify the relative contribution of two mechanisms of SOM stabilization (i.e. mineral association and chemical recalcitrance) upon soil demineralization with HF. Combining data from Chapters 4 and 5, it seems like BC is removed upon chemical oxidation with NaOCl and therefore is part of the operationally defined 'labile' rather than the 'stable' SOM pool. Removal of BC with NaOCl raises questions about the contrast between low resistance of BC towards chemical oxidation and apparent high resistance of BC against biological oxidation, which certainly deserves more attention in future studies. Furthermore, my results shed light on the importance of high Ca and P inputs (Chapter 2 and 5) besides the occurrence of BC in ADE (Chapter 5) in explaining long-term persistence of SOM in ADE. In my thesis, I propose that it is the interaction between OM inputs (including BC inputs), Ca and P that are responsible for the long-term persistence of large SOM contents in ADE, which brings major implications for the sole use of charred OM (i.e. biochar) as a strategy to reproduce ADE desirable characteristics in other soils.
650 $aCarbon
650 $aSoil organic matter
650 $aTerra preta
650 $aCarbono
650 $aMatéria Orgânica
650 $aSolo
653 $aCarbono negro
653 $aTerra Preta de Índio
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Registro original: |
Embrapa Solos (CNPS) |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Rondônia. |
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Data corrente: |
10/10/2017 |
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Data da última atualização: |
22/01/2018 |
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Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
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Circulação/Nível: |
Internacional - A |
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Autoria: |
BERTWELL, T. D.; KAINER, K. A.; CROPPER JUNIOR, W. P.; STAUDHAMMER, C. L.; WADT, L. H. de O. |
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Afiliação: |
Todd D. Bertwell, University of Florida; Karen A. Kainer, University of Florida; Wendell P. Cropper Jr, University of Florida; Christina L. Staudhammer, University of Alabama; LUCIA HELENA DE OLIVEIRA WADT, CPAF-Rondonia. |
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Título: |
Are Brazil nut populations threatened by fruit harvest? |
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Ano de publicação: |
2018 |
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Fonte/Imprenta: |
Biotropica, v. 50, n. 1, p. 50-59, 2018. |
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DOI: |
10.1111/btp.12505 |
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Idioma: |
Inglês |
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Conteúdo: |
Harvest of Brazil nuts from the large, iconic tree Bertholletia excelsa generates substantial income for smallholders, providing a strong incentive to conserve the mature forests where it grows. Although much previous work has focused on the impact of nut harvest on new seedling recruits into B. excelsa populations, the connection between harvest rates and long-term population stability is still unclear. Moreover, there is additional uncertainty for Brazil nut management in terms of population response to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. We drew on 14 years of research in two sites in Acre, Brazil with different B. excelsa nut harvest intensities (39% and 81%), to produce stochastic and deterministic matrix population models which incorporated parameter uncertainty in vital rates. Adult abundance was projected to remain close to the current observed abundance or higher through the next 50 years. Elasticity analyses revealed that the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) was most sensitive to stasis vital rates in sapling, juvenile, and adult stages. Deterministic transition matrices calculated using diameter growth rates dependent on rainfall yielded average λ values around 1.0 under extreme high, extreme low, and average annual rainfall. While sustained high rates of Brazil nut harvest and climate change could potentially negatively impact B. excelsa populations, changes in human use of the forested landscape are more immediate concern. To reduce the risk of population decline, smallholders and managers of B. excelsa rich forests should focus on conservation of pre-mature and mature individuals. MenosHarvest of Brazil nuts from the large, iconic tree Bertholletia excelsa generates substantial income for smallholders, providing a strong incentive to conserve the mature forests where it grows. Although much previous work has focused on the impact of nut harvest on new seedling recruits into B. excelsa populations, the connection between harvest rates and long-term population stability is still unclear. Moreover, there is additional uncertainty for Brazil nut management in terms of population response to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. We drew on 14 years of research in two sites in Acre, Brazil with different B. excelsa nut harvest intensities (39% and 81%), to produce stochastic and deterministic matrix population models which incorporated parameter uncertainty in vital rates. Adult abundance was projected to remain close to the current observed abundance or higher through the next 50 years. Elasticity analyses revealed that the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) was most sensitive to stasis vital rates in sapling, juvenile, and adult stages. Deterministic transition matrices calculated using diameter growth rates dependent on rainfall yielded average λ values around 1.0 under extreme high, extreme low, and average annual rainfall. While sustained high rates of Brazil nut harvest and climate change could potentially negatively impact B. excelsa populations, changes in human use of the forested landscape are more immediate concern. To reduce... Mostrar Tudo |
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Palavras-Chave: |
Colheita sustentável; Matrix population model; Modelo de população matricial; Rainfall; Sustainable harvest; Tropical forest. |
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Thesagro: |
Bertholletia Excelsa; Floresta Tropical. |
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Thesaurus NAL: |
demography. |
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Categoria do assunto: |
K Ciência Florestal e Produtos de Origem Vegetal |
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URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/171489/1/Bertwell-et-al-2018-Biotropica.pdf
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Marc: |
LEADER 02488naa a2200289 a 4500
001 2077079
005 2018-01-22
008 2018 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d
024 7 $a10.1111/btp.12505$2DOI
100 1 $aBERTWELL, T. D.
245 $aAre Brazil nut populations threatened by fruit harvest?$h[electronic resource]
260 $c2018
520 $aHarvest of Brazil nuts from the large, iconic tree Bertholletia excelsa generates substantial income for smallholders, providing a strong incentive to conserve the mature forests where it grows. Although much previous work has focused on the impact of nut harvest on new seedling recruits into B. excelsa populations, the connection between harvest rates and long-term population stability is still unclear. Moreover, there is additional uncertainty for Brazil nut management in terms of population response to climate change and other anthropogenic influences. We drew on 14 years of research in two sites in Acre, Brazil with different B. excelsa nut harvest intensities (39% and 81%), to produce stochastic and deterministic matrix population models which incorporated parameter uncertainty in vital rates. Adult abundance was projected to remain close to the current observed abundance or higher through the next 50 years. Elasticity analyses revealed that the asymptotic population growth rate (λ) was most sensitive to stasis vital rates in sapling, juvenile, and adult stages. Deterministic transition matrices calculated using diameter growth rates dependent on rainfall yielded average λ values around 1.0 under extreme high, extreme low, and average annual rainfall. While sustained high rates of Brazil nut harvest and climate change could potentially negatively impact B. excelsa populations, changes in human use of the forested landscape are more immediate concern. To reduce the risk of population decline, smallholders and managers of B. excelsa rich forests should focus on conservation of pre-mature and mature individuals.
650 $ademography
650 $aBertholletia Excelsa
650 $aFloresta Tropical
653 $aColheita sustentável
653 $aMatrix population model
653 $aModelo de população matricial
653 $aRainfall
653 $aSustainable harvest
653 $aTropical forest
700 1 $aKAINER, K. A.
700 1 $aCROPPER JUNIOR, W. P.
700 1 $aSTAUDHAMMER, C. L.
700 1 $aWADT, L. H. de O.
773 $tBiotropica$gv. 50, n. 1, p. 50-59, 2018.
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