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Registro Completo |
Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. |
Data corrente: |
18/12/2009 |
Data da última atualização: |
08/06/2022 |
Tipo da produção científica: |
Artigo em Periódico Indexado |
Autoria: |
HOHNWALD, S.; RISCHKOWSKY, B.; CAMARAO, A. P.; SCHULTZE-KRAFT, R.; RODRIGUES FILHO, J. A.; KING, J. M. |
Afiliação: |
S. HOHNWALD, Georg-August University of Göttingen; B. RISCHKOWSKY, Georg-August University of Göttingen; ARI PINHEIRO CAMARAO, CPATU; R. SCHULTZE-KRAFT, University of Hohenheim; JOSE ADERITO RODRIGUES FILHO, CPATU; J. M. KING, Georg-August University of Göttingen. |
Título: |
Integrating cattle into the slash-and-burn cycle on smallholdings in the Eastern Amazon, using grass-capoeira or grass-legume pastures. |
Ano de publicação: |
2006 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 117, n. 4, p. 266-276, Dec. 2006. |
DOI: |
doi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.014 |
Idioma: |
Inglês |
Conteúdo: |
In the humid tropics of northern Brazil, where slash-and-burn cropping is the prevailing smallholder land use system, pastures ecologically degrade after 7?10 years of use, mostly due to invading vegetation, decline of soil fertility (N, P) and insect pests. Degraded pasture areas cannot be easily restored or returned to cropping, so large areas are abandoned. To avoid this degradation process, two alternative pastures were tested to incorporate cattle into the slash-and-burn cropping cycle. It was thought that the inclusion of secondary woody fallow vegetation, locally called capoeira, or of legumes in pastures restores the soil for a subsequent cropping phase while allowing an acceptable level of animal performance. This hypothesis was tested in a researcher-managed on-farm experiment in Igarapé-Açu (Bragantina region, Pará). A grass-legume pasture (GLP), combining the grass Brachiaria humidicola with three multi-purpose legumes, was compared with a pasture, where controlled regrowth of capoeira was tolerated (GCP), and tested against two controls in the form of a conventional B. humidicola pasture (GP) and undisturbed regrowth of capoeira (UC). The pastures were grazed in a rotational system for 2 years at 1.5 livestock units (LU) ha1 in the first year and at 1.2 LU ha1 in the following year. The results showed that the GCP kept the full regenerative potential of the capoeira, showing no significant loss of phytodiversity (GCP 67 species 100 m2; UC 72 species 100 m2) and an low dissimilarity in species composition measured by Euclidian distance (UC/GCP = 51; UC/UC = 52; GCP/GCP = 33). On the GLP, the legumes Arachis pintoi and Cratylia argentea almost disappeared due to the grazing pressure, while Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. grandiflora was little palatable and invaded the plots by seed propagation. None of the legumes produced a meaningful quantity of nodules, and no difference in total soil N was found between GLP and the other pasture treatments.With regard to animal production, both alternative pastures were less productive than GP over 21 months of grazing (GLP = 384 kg liveweight ha1, GCP = 474 kg ha1, GP = 659 kg ha1), which was attributed to overstocking in the second year. GCP was considered to be an interesting option for smallholdings, provided the balance between the vigorous regrowth of capoeira and forage grass cover can be maintained. In contrast, on GLP a more palatable Ch. rotundifolia accession would be desirable and the establishment of all legumes needs to be improved. It was concluded that GCP would support a subsequent cropping phase better than GLP. However, on both pastures stocking rates would have to be frequently adjusted a management practice that is of secondary consideration in a crop/livestock system in which cattle are kept as cash-generating assets. MenosIn the humid tropics of northern Brazil, where slash-and-burn cropping is the prevailing smallholder land use system, pastures ecologically degrade after 7?10 years of use, mostly due to invading vegetation, decline of soil fertility (N, P) and insect pests. Degraded pasture areas cannot be easily restored or returned to cropping, so large areas are abandoned. To avoid this degradation process, two alternative pastures were tested to incorporate cattle into the slash-and-burn cropping cycle. It was thought that the inclusion of secondary woody fallow vegetation, locally called capoeira, or of legumes in pastures restores the soil for a subsequent cropping phase while allowing an acceptable level of animal performance. This hypothesis was tested in a researcher-managed on-farm experiment in Igarapé-Açu (Bragantina region, Pará). A grass-legume pasture (GLP), combining the grass Brachiaria humidicola with three multi-purpose legumes, was compared with a pasture, where controlled regrowth of capoeira was tolerated (GCP), and tested against two controls in the form of a conventional B. humidicola pasture (GP) and undisturbed regrowth of capoeira (UC). The pastures were grazed in a rotational system for 2 years at 1.5 livestock units (LU) ha1 in the first year and at 1.2 LU ha1 in the following year. The results showed that the GCP kept the full regenerative potential of the capoeira, showing no significant loss of phytodiversity (GCP 67 species 100 m2; UC 72 species 100 m2) and ... Mostrar Tudo |
Palavras-Chave: |
Sistema agrosilvipastoril. |
Thesagro: |
Vegetação Secundária. |
Categoria do assunto: |
P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
Marc: |
LEADER 03598naa a2200217 a 4500 001 1578439 005 2022-06-08 008 2006 bl uuuu u00u1 u #d 024 7 $adoi:10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.014$2DOI 100 1 $aHOHNWALD, S. 245 $aIntegrating cattle into the slash-and-burn cycle on smallholdings in the Eastern Amazon, using grass-capoeira or grass-legume pastures.$h[electronic resource] 260 $c2006 520 $aIn the humid tropics of northern Brazil, where slash-and-burn cropping is the prevailing smallholder land use system, pastures ecologically degrade after 7?10 years of use, mostly due to invading vegetation, decline of soil fertility (N, P) and insect pests. Degraded pasture areas cannot be easily restored or returned to cropping, so large areas are abandoned. To avoid this degradation process, two alternative pastures were tested to incorporate cattle into the slash-and-burn cropping cycle. It was thought that the inclusion of secondary woody fallow vegetation, locally called capoeira, or of legumes in pastures restores the soil for a subsequent cropping phase while allowing an acceptable level of animal performance. This hypothesis was tested in a researcher-managed on-farm experiment in Igarapé-Açu (Bragantina region, Pará). A grass-legume pasture (GLP), combining the grass Brachiaria humidicola with three multi-purpose legumes, was compared with a pasture, where controlled regrowth of capoeira was tolerated (GCP), and tested against two controls in the form of a conventional B. humidicola pasture (GP) and undisturbed regrowth of capoeira (UC). The pastures were grazed in a rotational system for 2 years at 1.5 livestock units (LU) ha1 in the first year and at 1.2 LU ha1 in the following year. The results showed that the GCP kept the full regenerative potential of the capoeira, showing no significant loss of phytodiversity (GCP 67 species 100 m2; UC 72 species 100 m2) and an low dissimilarity in species composition measured by Euclidian distance (UC/GCP = 51; UC/UC = 52; GCP/GCP = 33). On the GLP, the legumes Arachis pintoi and Cratylia argentea almost disappeared due to the grazing pressure, while Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. grandiflora was little palatable and invaded the plots by seed propagation. None of the legumes produced a meaningful quantity of nodules, and no difference in total soil N was found between GLP and the other pasture treatments.With regard to animal production, both alternative pastures were less productive than GP over 21 months of grazing (GLP = 384 kg liveweight ha1, GCP = 474 kg ha1, GP = 659 kg ha1), which was attributed to overstocking in the second year. GCP was considered to be an interesting option for smallholdings, provided the balance between the vigorous regrowth of capoeira and forage grass cover can be maintained. In contrast, on GLP a more palatable Ch. rotundifolia accession would be desirable and the establishment of all legumes needs to be improved. It was concluded that GCP would support a subsequent cropping phase better than GLP. However, on both pastures stocking rates would have to be frequently adjusted a management practice that is of secondary consideration in a crop/livestock system in which cattle are kept as cash-generating assets. 650 $aVegetação Secundária 653 $aSistema agrosilvipastoril 700 1 $aRISCHKOWSKY, B. 700 1 $aCAMARAO, A. P. 700 1 $aSCHULTZE-KRAFT, R. 700 1 $aRODRIGUES FILHO, J. A. 700 1 $aKING, J. M. 773 $tAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment$gv. 117, n. 4, p. 266-276, Dec. 2006.
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Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (CPATU) |
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Biblioteca(s): |
Embrapa Semiárido. |
Data corrente: |
30/07/1996 |
Data da última atualização: |
03/11/2023 |
Tipo da produção científica: |
Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento |
Autoria: |
EMBRAPA. Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido. |
Título: |
Captação de água de chuva in situ: comparação de métodos e densidade de plantio. |
Ano de publicação: |
1989 |
Fonte/Imprenta: |
Petrolina: EMBRAPA-CPATSA, 1989. |
Páginas: |
55 p. |
Série: |
(EMBRAPA-CPATSA. Boletim de pesquisa, 35). |
Idioma: |
Português |
Conteúdo: |
Um experimento conduzido nos anos agricolas de 1982 a 1985, no campo experimental de manejo da Caatinga, EMBRAPA-CPATSA, avaliou-se tres sistemas de captacao de agua de chuva "in situ", metodos: Guimaraes Duque, CP-Mexico e Sulcos e Camalhoes, em curva de nivel, comparando-os com o sistema tradicional de preparo do solo e plantio, em covas e no plano. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com oito repeticoes, instalado em escala operacional. As condicoes climaticas influenciaram ao nivel de 1,0% de probabilidade sobre a produtividade do caupi, e a interacao clima x tratamento foi significativa ao nivel de 5,0% de probabilidade. Nos anos de precipitacoes pluviometricas espaco-temporais irregulares, fato comum na regiao semi-arida brasileira, os metodos apresentaram um incremento maximo na produtividade do caupi de 50,0% e nos anos agricolas de distribuicoes regulares de 16,9%, significativos aos niveis de 13,95% e 1,69%, respectivamente. |
Palavras-Chave: |
Brasil; Broadbed; Captação; Captação d'água; Captation; Caupi; Comparação; Conservation; Densidade; Dry farming; Forrow; Nordeste; Northeast; Pernambuco; Petrolina; Região semi-árida; Semi-arid region; Sequeiro; Sulco. |
Thesagro: |
Agricultura; Água; Águas Pluviais; Camalhão; Chuva; Manejo; Milho; Plantio; Solo. |
Thesaurus NAL: |
soil; water. |
Categoria do assunto: |
-- P Recursos Naturais, Ciências Ambientais e da Terra |
URL: |
https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/doc/131956/1/Captacao-de-agua-n35.pdf
|
Marc: |
LEADER 02180nam a2200493 a 4500 001 1131956 005 2023-11-03 008 1989 bl uuuu 00u1 u #d 100 1 $aEMBRAPA. Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido. 245 $aCaptação de água de chuva in situ$bcomparação de métodos e densidade de plantio. 260 $aPetrolina: EMBRAPA-CPATSA$c1989 300 $a55 p. 490 $a(EMBRAPA-CPATSA. Boletim de pesquisa, 35). 520 $aUm experimento conduzido nos anos agricolas de 1982 a 1985, no campo experimental de manejo da Caatinga, EMBRAPA-CPATSA, avaliou-se tres sistemas de captacao de agua de chuva "in situ", metodos: Guimaraes Duque, CP-Mexico e Sulcos e Camalhoes, em curva de nivel, comparando-os com o sistema tradicional de preparo do solo e plantio, em covas e no plano. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com oito repeticoes, instalado em escala operacional. As condicoes climaticas influenciaram ao nivel de 1,0% de probabilidade sobre a produtividade do caupi, e a interacao clima x tratamento foi significativa ao nivel de 5,0% de probabilidade. Nos anos de precipitacoes pluviometricas espaco-temporais irregulares, fato comum na regiao semi-arida brasileira, os metodos apresentaram um incremento maximo na produtividade do caupi de 50,0% e nos anos agricolas de distribuicoes regulares de 16,9%, significativos aos niveis de 13,95% e 1,69%, respectivamente. 650 $asoil 650 $awater 650 $aAgricultura 650 $aÁgua 650 $aÁguas Pluviais 650 $aCamalhão 650 $aChuva 650 $aManejo 650 $aMilho 650 $aPlantio 650 $aSolo 653 $aBrasil 653 $aBroadbed 653 $aCaptação 653 $aCaptação d'água 653 $aCaptation 653 $aCaupi 653 $aComparação 653 $aConservation 653 $aDensidade 653 $aDry farming 653 $aForrow 653 $aNordeste 653 $aNortheast 653 $aPernambuco 653 $aPetrolina 653 $aRegião semi-árida 653 $aSemi-arid region 653 $aSequeiro 653 $aSulco
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